1. Executive Summary

• 1.1 Market Snapshot (2025–2033)

• 1.2 Key Findings and Growth Outlook

• 1.3 Strategic Implications for Stakeholders

• 1.4 Strategic Insights from Key Executives (CXO Perspective)

2. Assumptions and Acronyms Used

3. Research Methodology

• 3.1 Research Process Overview

• 3.2 Primary Research (Interviews, Surveys, Expert Consultations)

• 3.3 Secondary Research (Annual Reports, Press Releases, Proprietary Databases, Trade Data)

• 3.4 Data Analysis and Forecasting Techniques

• 3.5 Market Estimation Models (Top?down/Bottom?up)

• 3.6 Data Validation and Quality Assurance

4. Market Overview

• 4.1 Introduction

  • 4.1.1 Market Taxonomy

  • 4.1.2 Market Definition and Scope

  • 4.1.3 Macro?Economic Factors Impacting Market Growth

• 4.2 What Is the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Radio-Fluoroscopy Systems Market?

• 4.3 Market Structure and Key Findings

• 4.4 Overview of Top Investment Pockets

• 4.5 Market Dynamics

  • 4.5.1 Market Drivers

    • 4.5.1.1 Rising Prevalence of Chronic Diseases Requiring Minimally Invasive Procedures

    • 4.5.1.2 Growing Demand for Real-Time Imaging in Interventional Radiology

    • 4.5.1.3 Expanding Healthcare Infrastructure in Emerging Economies

    • 4.5.1.4 Increasing Emphasis on Radiation Dose Reduction and Patient Safety

    • 4.5.1.5 Technological Advancements in Digital Fluoroscopy and AI Integration

    • 4.5.1.6 Rising Adoption of Hybrid Imaging Rooms for Multi-Purpose Diagnostics

  • 4.5.2 Market Restraints

    • 4.5.2.1 High Capital Costs and Installation Expenses

    • 4.5.2.2 Limited Reimbursement Policies in Certain Regions

    • 4.5.2.3 Radiation Exposure Concerns and Regulatory Compliance Challenges

  • 4.5.3 Opportunities

    • 4.5.3.1 Growth in Tele-Radiology and Remote-Controlled RF Systems

    • 4.5.3.2 Expansion in Ambulatory Imaging Centers and Outpatient Facilities

    • 4.5.3.3 Development of Low-Dose and AI-Powered Fluoroscopy Technologies

    • 4.5.3.4 Increasing Government Initiatives for Diagnostic Infrastructure Modernization

  • 4.5.4 Challenges

    • 4.5.4.1 Complexity in Integration with Existing Hospital Information Systems (HIS/RIS/PACS)

    • 4.5.4.2 Shortage of Trained Radiologists and Technicians in Rural Areas

    • 4.5.4.3 Competition from Alternative Imaging Modalities (CT, MRI, Ultrasound)

• 4.6 Supply Chain Analysis

  • 4.6.1 List of Key Suppliers (Component Manufacturers, Detector OEMs, Software Vendors)

  • 4.6.2 List of Key Distributors (Regional Medical Equipment Distributors, Service Providers)

  • 4.6.3 List of Key Consumers (Hospitals, Diagnostic Centers, Specialty Clinics, Academic Institutions)

• 4.7 Key Forces Shaping the Radio-Fluoroscopy Systems Market (Porter's Five Forces)

  • 4.7.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers

  • 4.7.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers

  • 4.7.3 Threat of Substitution

  • 4.7.4 Threat of New Entrants

  • 4.7.5 Competitive Rivalry

• 4.8 Global Radio-Fluoroscopy Systems Market Size & Forecast (2025–2033)

  • 4.8.1 Market Size and Year?on?Year Growth

  • 4.8.2 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment

5. Radio-Fluoroscopy Systems Market Segmentation – By Product Type

• 5.1 Introduction

  • 5.1.1 Key Market Trends & Growth Opportunities By Product Type

  • 5.1.2 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Product Type

  • 5.1.3 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Product Type

• 5.2 Market Size Forecast By Product Type

  • 5.2.1 Fixed Radio-Fluoroscopy Systems

  • 5.2.2 Mobile / Portable Radio-Fluoroscopy Systems

  • 5.2.3 Remote-Controlled RF Systems

  • 5.2.4 Conventional RF Systems

• 5.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Product Type

6. Radio-Fluoroscopy Systems Market Segmentation – By Technology

• 6.1 Introduction

  • 6.1.1 Key Market Trends & Growth Opportunities By Technology

  • 6.1.2 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Technology

  • 6.1.3 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Technology

• 6.2 Market Size Forecast By Technology

  • 6.2.1 Analog Fluoroscopy

  • 6.2.2 Digital Fluoroscopy

    • 6.2.2.1 Direct Digital Radiography (DR) Integrated Systems

    • 6.2.2.2 Computed Radiography (CR) Integrated Systems

  • 6.2.3 AI-Powered / Smart Fluoroscopy Systems

• 6.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Technology

7. Radio-Fluoroscopy Systems Market Segmentation – By Configuration

• 7.1 Introduction

  • 7.1.1 Key Market Trends & Growth Opportunities By Configuration

  • 7.1.2 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Configuration

  • 7.1.3 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Configuration

• 7.2 Market Size Forecast By Configuration

  • 7.2.1 Table-Based / Conventional Systems

  • 7.2.2 C-Arm Mounted Systems

  • 7.2.3 Overhead Tube / Ceiling-Suspended Systems

• 7.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Configuration

8. Radio-Fluoroscopy Systems Market Segmentation – By Application

• 8.1 Introduction

  • 8.1.1 Key Market Trends & Growth Opportunities By Application

  • 8.1.2 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Application

  • 8.1.3 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Application

• 8.2 Market Size Forecast By Application

  • 8.2.1 Gastrointestinal (GI) Imaging

    • 8.2.1.1 Barium Studies (Swallow, Meal, Follow-Through, Enema)

    • 8.2.1.2 Motility Studies

  • 8.2.2 Orthopedic and Skeletal Assessment

    • 8.2.2.1 Joint Imaging

    • 8.2.2.2 Spine Imaging and Guided Injections

  • 8.2.3 Urological and Reproductive System Exams

    • 8.2.3.1 Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)

    • 8.2.3.2 Intravenous Pyelography (IVP)

    • 8.2.3.3 Hysterosalpingography (HSG)

  • 8.2.4 Cardiovascular Imaging (Angiography, Catheterization)

  • 8.2.5 Interventional Procedures

    • 8.2.5.1 Needle Guidance and Biopsies

    • 8.2.5.2 Pain Management Injections

    • 8.2.5.3 Catheter Placements

  • 8.2.6 Pediatric Imaging

  • 8.2.7 Other Applications (Swallowing Studies, Pulmonary Imaging, Chest Screenings)

• 8.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application

9. Radio-Fluoroscopy Systems Market Segmentation – By End-User

• 9.1 Introduction

  • 9.1.1 Key Market Trends & Growth Opportunities By End-User

  • 9.1.2 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-User

  • 9.1.3 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By End-User

• 9.2 Market Size Forecast By End-User

  • 9.2.1 Hospitals

    • 9.2.1.1 Tertiary Care Hospitals

    • 9.2.1.2 Secondary Care Hospitals

    • 9.2.1.3 Teaching and Academic Hospitals

  • 9.2.2 Diagnostic Imaging Centers

  • 9.2.3 Specialty Clinics

    • 9.2.3.1 Gastroenterology Clinics

    • 9.2.3.2 Orthopedic Clinics

    • 9.2.3.3 Urology Clinics

  • 9.2.4 Ambulatory Surgical Centers (ASCs)

  • 9.2.5 Academic and Research Institutions

• 9.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-User

10. Regional Market Analysis (2026–2033)

• 10.1 Introduction

  • 10.1.1 Key Market Trends & Growth Opportunities By Region

  • 10.1.2 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Region

  • 10.1.3 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Region

• 10.2 Market Size Forecast By Region

  • 10.2.1 North America

  • 10.2.2 Europe

  • 10.2.3 Asia Pacific

  • 10.2.4 Latin America

  • 10.2.5 Middle East & Africa (MEA)

• 10.3 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Region

11. North America Radio-Fluoroscopy Systems Market Analysis and Forecast

• 11.1 Introduction

• 11.2 Market Size Forecast by Country

  • 11.2.1 United States

  • 11.2.2 Canada

  • 11.2.3 Mexico

• 11.3 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country

• 11.4 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment by Country

• 11.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Country

• 11.6 Market Size Forecast By Product Type

  • 11.6.1 Fixed RF Systems

  • 11.6.2 Mobile / Portable RF Systems

  • 11.6.3 Remote-Controlled RF Systems

  • 11.6.4 Conventional RF Systems

• 11.7 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Product Type

• 11.8 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Product Type

• 11.9 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Product Type

• 11.10 Market Size Forecast By Technology

  • 11.10.1 Analog Fluoroscopy

  • 11.10.2 Digital Fluoroscopy

  • 11.10.3 AI-Powered Systems

• 11.11 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Technology

• 11.12 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Technology

• 11.13 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Technology

• 11.14 Market Size Forecast By Configuration

  • 11.14.1 Table-Based Systems

  • 11.14.2 C-Arm Mounted

  • 11.14.3 Ceiling-Suspended

• 11.15 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Configuration

• 11.16 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Configuration

• 11.17 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Configuration

• 11.18 Market Size Forecast By Application

  • 11.18.1 GI Imaging

  • 11.18.2 Orthopedic Assessment

  • 11.18.3 Urological Exams

  • 11.18.4 Cardiovascular

  • 11.18.5 Interventional Procedures

  • 11.18.6 Pediatric Imaging

  • 11.18.7 Others

• 11.19 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Application

• 11.20 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Application

• 11.21 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application

• 11.22 Market Size Forecast By End-User

  • 11.22.1 Hospitals

  • 11.22.2 Diagnostic Imaging Centers

  • 11.22.3 Specialty Clinics

  • 11.22.4 ASCs

  • 11.22.5 Academic Institutions

• 11.23 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-User

• 11.24 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By End-User

• 11.25 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-User

12. Europe Radio-Fluoroscopy Systems Market Analysis and Forecast

• 12.1 Introduction

• 12.2 Market Size Forecast by Country

  • 12.2.1 Germany

  • 12.2.2 United Kingdom

  • 12.2.3 France

  • 12.2.4 Italy

  • 12.2.5 Spain

  • 12.2.6 Russia

  • 12.2.7 Rest of Europe

• 12.3 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country

• 12.4 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment by Country

• 12.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Country

• 12.6 Market Size Forecast By Product Type

  • 12.6.1 Fixed RF Systems

  • 12.6.2 Mobile / Portable RF Systems

  • 12.6.3 Remote-Controlled RF Systems

  • 12.6.4 Conventional RF Systems

• 12.7 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Product Type

• 12.8 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Product Type

• 12.9 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Product Type

• 12.10 Market Size Forecast By Technology

  • 12.10.1 Analog Fluoroscopy

  • 12.10.2 Digital Fluoroscopy

  • 12.10.3 AI-Powered Systems

• 12.11 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Technology

• 12.12 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Technology

• 12.13 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Technology

• 12.14 Market Size Forecast By Configuration

  • 12.14.1 Table-Based Systems

  • 12.14.2 C-Arm Mounted

  • 12.14.3 Ceiling-Suspended

• 12.15 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Configuration

• 12.16 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Configuration

• 12.17 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Configuration

• 12.18 Market Size Forecast By Application

  • 12.18.1 GI Imaging

  • 12.18.2 Orthopedic Assessment

  • 12.18.3 Urological Exams

  • 12.18.4 Cardiovascular

  • 12.18.5 Interventional Procedures

  • 12.18.6 Pediatric Imaging

  • 12.18.7 Others

• 12.19 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Application

• 12.20 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Application

• 12.21 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application

• 12.22 Market Size Forecast By End-User

  • 12.22.1 Hospitals

  • 12.22.2 Diagnostic Imaging Centers

  • 12.22.3 Specialty Clinics

  • 12.22.4 ASCs

  • 12.22.5 Academic Institutions

• 12.23 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-User

• 12.24 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By End-User

• 12.25 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-User

13. Asia Pacific Radio-Fluoroscopy Systems Market Analysis and Forecast

• 13.1 Introduction

• 13.2 Market Size Forecast by Country

  • 13.2.1 China

  • 13.2.2 Japan

  • 13.2.3 India

  • 13.2.4 South Korea

  • 13.2.5 Australia

  • 13.2.6 Indonesia

  • 13.2.7 Vietnam

  • 13.2.8 Rest of Asia Pacific

• 13.3 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country

• 13.4 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment by Country

• 13.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Country

• 13.6 Market Size Forecast By Product Type

  • 13.6.1 Fixed RF Systems

  • 13.6.2 Mobile / Portable RF Systems

  • 13.6.3 Remote-Controlled RF Systems

  • 13.6.4 Conventional RF Systems

• 13.7 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Product Type

• 13.8 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Product Type

• 13.9 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Product Type

• 13.10 Market Size Forecast By Technology

  • 13.10.1 Analog Fluoroscopy

  • 13.10.2 Digital Fluoroscopy

  • 13.10.3 AI-Powered Systems

• 13.11 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Technology

• 13.12 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Technology

• 13.13 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Technology

• 13.14 Market Size Forecast By Configuration

  • 13.14.1 Table-Based Systems

  • 13.14.2 C-Arm Mounted

  • 13.14.3 Ceiling-Suspended

• 13.15 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Configuration

• 13.16 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Configuration

• 13.17 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Configuration

• 13.18 Market Size Forecast By Application

  • 13.18.1 GI Imaging

  • 13.18.2 Orthopedic Assessment

  • 13.18.3 Urological Exams

  • 13.18.4 Cardiovascular

  • 13.18.5 Interventional Procedures

  • 13.18.6 Pediatric Imaging

  • 13.18.7 Others

• 13.19 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Application

• 13.20 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Application

• 13.21 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application

• 13.22 Market Size Forecast By End-User

  • 13.22.1 Hospitals

  • 13.22.2 Diagnostic Imaging Centers

  • 13.22.3 Specialty Clinics

  • 13.22.4 ASCs

  • 13.22.5 Academic Institutions

• 13.23 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-User

• 13.24 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By End-User

• 13.25 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-User

14. Latin America Radio-Fluoroscopy Systems Market Analysis and Forecast

• 14.1 Introduction

• 14.2 Market Size Forecast by Country

  • 14.2.1 Brazil

  • 14.2.2 Argentina

  • 14.2.3 Rest of Latin America

• 14.3 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country

• 14.4 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment by Country

• 14.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Country

• 14.6 Market Size Forecast By Product Type

  • 14.6.1 Fixed RF Systems

  • 14.6.2 Mobile / Portable RF Systems

  • 14.6.3 Remote-Controlled RF Systems

  • 14.6.4 Conventional RF Systems

• 14.7 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Product Type

• 14.8 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Product Type

• 14.9 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Product Type

• 14.10 Market Size Forecast By Technology

  • 14.10.1 Analog Fluoroscopy

  • 14.10.2 Digital Fluoroscopy

  • 14.10.3 AI-Powered Systems

• 14.11 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Technology

• 14.12 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Technology

• 14.13 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Technology

• 14.14 Market Size Forecast By Configuration

  • 14.14.1 Table-Based Systems

  • 14.14.2 C-Arm Mounted

  • 14.14.3 Ceiling-Suspended

• 14.15 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Configuration

• 14.16 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Configuration

• 14.17 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Configuration

• 14.18 Market Size Forecast By Application

  • 14.18.1 GI Imaging

  • 14.18.2 Orthopedic Assessment

  • 14.18.3 Urological Exams

  • 14.18.4 Cardiovascular

  • 14.18.5 Interventional Procedures

  • 14.18.6 Pediatric Imaging

  • 14.18.7 Others

• 14.19 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Application

• 14.20 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Application

• 14.21 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application

• 14.22 Market Size Forecast By End-User

  • 14.22.1 Hospitals

  • 14.22.2 Diagnostic Imaging Centers

  • 14.22.3 Specialty Clinics

  • 14.22.4 ASCs

  • 14.22.5 Academic Institutions

• 14.23 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-User

• 14.24 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By End-User

• 14.25 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-User

15. Middle East & Africa Radio-Fluoroscopy Systems Market Analysis and Forecast

• 15.1 Introduction

• 15.2 Market Size Forecast by Country

  • 15.2.1 Saudi Arabia

  • 15.2.2 United Arab Emirates

  • 15.2.3 South Africa

  • 15.2.4 Rest of Middle East & Africa

• 15.3 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis by Country

• 15.4 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment by Country

• 15.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis by Country

• 15.6 Market Size Forecast By Product Type

  • 15.6.1 Fixed RF Systems

  • 15.6.2 Mobile / Portable RF Systems

  • 15.6.3 Remote-Controlled RF Systems

  • 15.6.4 Conventional RF Systems

• 15.7 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Product Type

• 15.8 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Product Type

• 15.9 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Product Type

• 15.10 Market Size Forecast By Technology

  • 15.10.1 Analog Fluoroscopy

  • 15.10.2 Digital Fluoroscopy

  • 15.10.3 AI-Powered Systems

• 15.11 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Technology

• 15.12 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Technology

• 15.13 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Technology

• 15.14 Market Size Forecast By Configuration

  • 15.14.1 Table-Based Systems

  • 15.14.2 C-Arm Mounted

  • 15.14.3 Ceiling-Suspended

• 15.15 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Configuration

• 15.16 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Configuration

• 15.17 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Configuration

• 15.18 Market Size Forecast By Application

  • 15.18.1 GI Imaging

  • 15.18.2 Orthopedic Assessment

  • 15.18.3 Urological Exams

  • 15.18.4 Cardiovascular

  • 15.18.5 Interventional Procedures

  • 15.18.6 Pediatric Imaging

  • 15.18.7 Others

• 15.19 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By Application

• 15.20 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By Application

• 15.21 Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application

• 15.22 Market Size Forecast By End-User

  • 15.22.1 Hospitals

  • 15.22.2 Diagnostic Imaging Centers

  • 15.22.3 Specialty Clinics

  • 15.22.4 ASCs

  • 15.22.5 Academic Institutions

• 15.23 Basis Point Share (BPS) Analysis By End-User

• 15.24 Absolute Dollar Opportunity Assessment By End-User

• 15.25 Market Attractiveness Analysis By End-User

16. Competitive Landscape

• 16.1 Radio-Fluoroscopy Systems Market: Competitive Dashboard

• 16.2 Global Radio-Fluoroscopy Systems Market: Market Share Analysis (2025–2026)

• 16.3 Market Share and Positioning Matrix

• 16.4 Competitive Strategies

  • 16.4.1 Product Innovation and R&D Investments (AI Integration, Low-Dose Technologies)

  • 16.4.2 Strategic Partnerships, Collaborations, and Joint Ventures

  • 16.4.3 Mergers, Acquisitions, and Capacity Expansion

  • 16.4.4 Geographic Expansion and Market Penetration Strategies

• 16.5 Benchmarking of Key Players (Revenue, Product Portfolio, Regional Presence)

17. Company Profiles

The final report includes a complete list of companies.

• 17.1 GE HealthCare

  • Company Overview

  • Financial Performance

  • Product Portfolio

  • Strategic Initiatives

  • SWOT Analysis

• 17.2 Siemens Healthineers

• 17.3 Canon Medical Systems Corporation

• 17.4 Philips Healthcare

• 17.5 Shimadzu Corporation

• 17.6 Villa Sistemi Medicali S.p.A.

• 17.7 Hitachi Medical Systems

• 17.8 Carestream Health, Inc.

• 17.9 Fujifilm Holdings Corporation

• 17.10 Agfa-Gevaert Group

• 17.11 Konica Minolta Healthcare Americas, Inc.

• 17.12 ITALRAY S.r.l.

• 17.13 DEL Medical

• 17.14 Allengers Medical Systems Limited

• 17.15 Angell Technology Co., Ltd.

18. Recent Developments and Strategic Activities

• 18.1 Product Launches and Innovations (AI-Powered RF Systems, Low-Dose Pediatric Modes)

• 18.2 Partnerships, Joint Ventures, and Collaborations (PACS/RIS Integration, Hospital Network Deals)

• 18.3 Mergers and Acquisitions

• 18.4 R&D Investments and Technology Advancements (3D Reconstruction, Digital Subtraction Angiography)

• 18.5 Regulatory Approvals and Certifications (FDA 510(k), CE Mark, Regional Clearances)

19. Market Forecast (2026–2033)

• 19.1 Global Market Size and CAGR Projections

• 19.2 Segment?wise Forecasts (Product Type, Technology, Configuration, Application, End-User, Region)

• 19.3 Scenario Analysis (Base, Optimistic, Pessimistic)

20. Appendix

• 20.1 Glossary of Terms

• 20.2 List of Abbreviations

• 20.3 Data Tables and Figures

• 20.4 Research Methodology Details

• 20.5 References and Sources

21. Disclaimer